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Andrew Young on Bush

Description: Deborah Wang reports that notes that Andrew Young (Mayor of Atlanta) was the keynote speaker at a gathering of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund gathered in Boston this evening. Wang notes that many members of the Legal Defense Fund are skeptical of President George Bush's commitment to civil rights; she adds that civil rights advocates are worried about Bush making conservative appointments to the judiciary. Wang interviews Young about Bush's presidency and his possible judicial appointments. Young says that Bush did not exhibit fairness and decency during the presidential campaign. Wang interviews Tom Franklin and Rona Kiley of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Franklin and Kiley say that Bush is beholden to the conservative wing of the Republican Party. Wang reports that there will be several openings in lower courts and a possible opening on the Supreme Court during Bush's term in office. Wang's report is accompanied by footage of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund gathering, by footage of Bush giving a speech and by footage of Ronald Reagan standing by as a judge is sworn in.
1:00:09: Visual: Shots of a gathering of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Attendees of the gathering are socializing in a large room. Footage of Tom Franklin (NAACP Legal Defense Fund) saying that his colleagues do not have a high regard for George Bush (US President-elect). Franklin says that he hopes that Bush will show more character and leadership than he has shown so far. Franklin says that he does not have high expectations for the Bush presidency. Footage of Bush addressing the Coalition of Black Republicans on August 11, 1988. Bush announces the formation of the Black Americans for Bush Committee. Wang reports that many members of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund are skeptical of Bush's commitment to civil rights. Wang notes that Andrew Young (Mayor of Atlanta) was the keynote speaker at tonight's gathering of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. V: Footage of Young being interviewed by Wang. Young says that he wants to believe that Bush is not as bad as his campaign was. Young says that Bush could be counted on for decency and fairness in the past; that Bush did not exhibit decency and fairness during the presidential campaign. Footage of Franklin saying that Bush is beholden to the conservative wing of the Republican Party. Franklin says that Bush will talk about civil rights; that he will not take any action on civil rights issues. Wang reports that civil rights advocates are worried about Bush making conservative appointments to the judiciary. V: Shots of the exterior of the Supreme Court Building; of Reagan standing by as a federal judge is sworn in. Shot of Reagan standing behind an official at a press conference. Wang notes that there may be openings on the Supreme Court; that there will be numerous openings in lower courts. V: Footage of Young being interviewed by Wang. Young says that Bush needs to decide which wing of the Republican Party to represent. Young says that the "Eastern establishment" wing of the Republican Party has generally made wise judicial appointments. Footage of Rona Kiley (NAACP Legal Defense Fund) being interviewed by Wang. Kiley says that Bush has been playing to the conservative wing of the Republican Party. Kiley says that she hopes that Bush will not adopt Ronald Reagan's "litmus test" for making judicial appointments. Shots of the members of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund as they socialize.
Collection: Ten O'Clock News
Date Created: 11/15/1988

Campaign compilation reel

Description: This tape is a compilation of news stories from the 1988 presidential campaign. Paul Brountas (Michael Dukakis campaign chairman), Susan Estrich (Dukakis campaign manager), and John Sasso (former Dukakis campaign manager) speak at a press conference on September 2, 1988. Brountas and Estrich welcome Sasso back to the Dukakis campaign. Sasso apologizes for the events leading up to his resignation the previous year. Sasso is happy to rejoin the campaign. Sasso answers questions from the media. Jesse Jackson (African American political leader) addresses the NAACP Convention in July of 1988. He talks about his campaign for the presidency. Jackson talks about his disadvantaged background. He says that he is running for the presidency so that future African Americans can run for the presidency. William Bulger is the emcee at his annual St. Patrick's Day Breakfast in 1988. Bulger and Robert Crane (State Treasurer) perform duets of Irish songs and parodies of Irish songs. Bulger exchanges witticisms and barbs with politicians at the breakfast including John Kerry (State Senator), Edward Kennedy (State Senator) and Michael Dukakis (Democratic candidate for Governor of Massachusetts). Jesse Jackson addresses an audience about the increase in poverty among African Americans under the administration of Ronald Reagan (US President). Jesse Jackson addresses an audience at Sanders Theater at Harvard University. Jackson talks about the civil rights movement. Thomas "Tip" O'Neill (former Speaker of the US House of Representatives) comes out of retirement to endorse Michael Dukakis for the presidency at a press conference outside of the Massachusetts State House. O'Neill defends liberals against Republican attacks. George Bush (Republican candidate for US president) and John Sununu (Governor of New Hampshire) speak at a press conference. Bush talks about the differences between him and Dukakis. Bush says that his views on the issues are more compatible with those of blue-collar Americans. Sununu answers questions from the media. Sununu criticizes Dukakis' performance as Governor of Massachusetts. Christy George interviews Alicia Munnell (economist). Munnell discusses Social Security, Medicare and the federal budget. Arlen Specter (US Senator) speaks at a press conference in front of the Massachusetts State House. Specter condemns Dukakis's furlough program in Massachusetts and his record on crime prevention. John Kerry (US Senator) is present. A reporter interviews a police official about crime prevention programs in Massachusetts. A reporter interviews Francis Bellotti (former Massachusetts Attorney General) and Ron Kaufman (coordinator for the Bush campaign) about crime in Massachusetts and the presidential campaign
1:00:05: Visual: Footage of a press conference at the Lafayette Hotel on September 2, 1988. Shots of members of an audience on their feet as they applaud. Paul Brountas (Dukakis campaign chairman), Susan Estrich (Dukakis campaign manager) and John Sasso (former Dukakis campaign manager) approach the podium. Brountas announces that Sasso has rejoined the presidential campaign of Michael Dukakis (governor of Massachusetts) as vice-chairman; that he and Estrich will continue in their positions. The audience applauds. Brountas reports that the campaign staff will report to Estrich; that he, Estrich, and Sasso will report to Dukakis. Brountas says that Sasso will bring strength, wisdom, and political insight to the campaign. Brountas says that Sasso will serve as an advisor to Dukakis; that Sasso will take on tough assignments and special projects. Brountas says that Sasso is a friend to Dukakis and the campaign staff. Brountas says that Sasso is a man of integrity and substance. Brountas says that the presidential campaign is entering its final phase; that the Dukakis campaign will reach out to the most talented members of the Democratic Party in the run up to the election. Brountas says that Sasso's return marks the beginning of this outreach process. The crowd applauds. Brountas says that Dukakis's success has energized the Democratic Party; that the Dukakis campaign has raised the hopes of Americans who have been excluded during the presidency of Ronald Reagan (US President). Brountas invites Estrich to speak. The crowd applauds. Estrich says that she and the campaign staff are happy to welcome Sasso back to the campaign; that she is happy to be working with Sasso during the final stretch of the campaign. Estrich says "welcome home" to Sasso. The crowd applauds. Sasso shakes Estrich's hand and kisses her cheek. Sasso shakes Brountas's hand. Sasso says that he is delighted to return to the Dukakis campaign; that he is committed to Dukakis. Sasso says that Dukakis will make an excellent president; that he has the strength and other qualities necessary to be president. The crowd applauds. Sasso says that he made an error in judgement last September. Sasso apologizes for hurting Joseph Biden (US Senator) and his family. Sasso says that Biden is a man of strong character; that Biden had attributed his quotations to Neil Kinnock (British Labour leader) on other occasions; that Biden never meant to mislead the American people. Sasso thanks Dukakis for his friendship. Sasso thanks Jack Connors (Hill Holliday Connors Cosmopulos Inc) for allowing him to take a leave of absence to rejoin the campaign. Sasso takes questions from reporters. Sasso says that Dukakis talked to him about rejoining the campaign earlier in the week. A reporter asks if the campaign of George Bush (Republican nominee for US president) has been able to put the Dukakis campaign on the defensive. Sasso says no. Estrich talks about other people who have been hired onto the Dukakis campaign at all levels in the past few weeks. Sasso says that he will adhere to the high standards set by Dukakis. Sasso says that there are contrasts and issues which must be highlighted for the voters as they make their choices. Sasso says that he will not shy away from pointing out those issues. The audience applauds. Sasso says that the Dukakis campaign has been reaching out to others since the beginning; that the campaign has reached out to Jesse Jackson (African American political leader) and to independent voters. Sasso says that the campaign is inclusive. A reporter asks Sasso about Lee Atwater (Bush campaign manager). Sasso says that he has no idea about what Atwater has planned. Sasso says that presidential campaigns are never easy; that Dukakis has met every challenge so far. Sasso thanks the reporters. The audience applauds. 1:13:00: V: Footage of Jesse Jackson addressing the NAACP Convention in July of 1988. Jackson talks about the need for a new direction for the nation. Jackson says that he plans to run for the presidency. Jackson says that he has been told not to run for the presidency because he cannot win. Jackson says that he has fought against the odds for his whole life. Jackson says that he is an "odds-breaker and a dream-maker;" that he will not turn back. The audience applauds. The crowd begins to chant, "Jesse." Jackson says that he is running because he wants to make his grandmother happy once more before she dies. Jackson says that he will run for the presidency so that future African Americans can run for the presidency. Jackson says that he wants every child in the US to believe that he or she can become president. Jackson says that he understands hard times and broken families. Jackson says, "if I can, you can." Jackson says that he understands all of the sociologists categories, including subclass, subculture, underclass, ethnic minority, and deprived. Jackson says that he was born to a teenage mother who was born to a teenage mother. Jackson says that he was delivered by a midwife into a three-room house. Jackson says that his house did not have an indoor bathroom; that his house was cold. Jackson says that his mother did not prepare a turkey dinner for the family on Thanksgiving Day; that his mother was preparing another family's turkey on Thanksgiving Day; that his family ate the leftovers from another family's dinner. Jones says that his mother worked hard to clothe him nicely for school; that his schoolteachers made less money than white teachers; that he still learned to read and write. The audience applauds. Jackson tells the audience not to surrender or to turn back. Jackson says that the struggle will not be easy; that he has faith. Jackson says that he will not turn back or surrender. Jackson says that he may not be elected as the Democratic nominee; that he knows he is qualified to be the Democratic nominee. The audience members rise to their feet and applaud. Jackson embraces NAACP leaders as he turns away from the podium. 1:20:17: V: Footage from Barry Cunningham's report on Jackson's speech to the NAACP Convention. 1:20:44: V: Footage from Cablevision of William Bulger's annual St. Patrick's Day Breakfast in 1988. Michael Connolly (Massachusetts Secretary of State) calls out a light-hearted remark at the breakfast. William Bulger (President of the Massachusetts State Senate) stands at a podium with a hand-held microphone. An Irish band is arranged behind him. Bulger makes a few jokes in front of the audience. Bulger makes a joke at the expense of Thomas McGee (former Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representative). McGee is seated near the stage. Shot of James Kelly (Boston City Council) laughing in the audience. Shots of the audience members, seated at long tables. Bulger makes references to Michael Dukakis (Governor of Massachusetts), Evelyn Murphy (Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts), Joseph Feeney (Chief Justice, Boston Municipal Court). Bulger notes that Newman Flanagan (District Attorney) is present. Shot of Flanagan. Bulger and Robert Crane (Massachusetts State Treasurer) sing a duet of Irish songs. Shots of audience members seated at the breakfast. Bulger continues to make jokes for the audience. Shot of Joe Moakley (US Congressman) seated at the breakfast. Bulger welcomes Moakley and asks if Dukakis and Kitty Dukakis (wife of Michael Dukakis) have arrived. Bulger introduces co-host Michael Flaherty (State Representative). Bulger roasts John Kerry (US Senator) who is seated next to McGee at the breakfast. Shot of Kerry. Bulger asks Kerry why Edward Kennedy (US Senator) never comes to the breakfast. Bulger jokes about the Boston Herald newspaper, which has been taken over by Rupert Murdoch (Australian media magnate). Bulger jokes about Kerry's wealth. Bulger jokes about US foreign policy in Nicaragua. Bulger jokes about Joseph Kennedy (US Congressman). Bulger jokes about running for the US Senate. Shots of the audience. Edward Kennedy arrives and approaches the podium. Kennedy presents Bulger with a bag of trash. Bulger tells Kennedy to bring the trash to Hyannisport. Dukakis approaches the podium and embraces Bulger as he is speaking. Bulger welcomes Dukakis. Dukakis sits down next to the podium. Bulger jokes about Dukakis's campaign strategy and his lack of charisma. Bulger jokes about Dukakis's Greek background. Bulger jokes about Dukakis's newfound national prominence. Bulger predicts that Dukakis will win the Democratic nomination. Bulger compliments Dukakis on his integrity and competence. Dukakis takes the microphone. Dukakis says that he will bring Bulger with him to the Democratic Convention in Atlanta so that Bulger can help him make back-room deals. Bulger makes a joke at the expense of Raymond Shamie (Chairman, Massachusetts Republican Party). Crane takes the microphone to sing a song about Bulger to the tune of an Irish song. The audience claps for Crane. 1:40:37: V: Footage from WBZ-TV of Jesse Jackson (African-American political leader) addressing an audience. Jackson says that one-third of African Americans are living in poverty after eight years of the Reagan administration. Shots of the audience. Jackson urges the audience to vote against George Bush (Republican nominee for US president). The audience applauds. Shot of an young African American man speaking to a reporter. 1:41:32: V:Footage of Jackson addressing an audience at Sanders Theater at Harvard University. The audience members stand on their feet as they applaud one of Jackson's remarks. Jackson talks about the civil rights movement. 1:41:55: V: Footage of Tip O'Neill (former Speaker of the US House of Representatives) arriving at a press conference outside of the Massachusetts State House. O'Neill greets other Dukakis supporters, including John Nucci (Boston School Committee). Kevin Fitzgerald (State Representative) says that much has been said about Boston, Brookline, Cambridge and the whole state of Massachusetts during the presidential campaign. Fitzgerald says that some have taken offense to those comments. Fitzgerald introduces O'Neill. Fitzgerald says that O'Neill will address some of the issues in the campaign. O'Neill thanks the audience. O'Neill says that he misses press conferences and public service. O'Neill says that he has been staying out of the public eye since his illness; that he speaks to Michael Dukakis (Democratic nominee for US president) about once a week. Dukakis says that Massachusetts is the only one of the fifty states that can compete with Berlin, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea or Singapore. Shots of the media and audience members. Many audiences hold Dukakis campaign signs. O'Neill says that Dukakis is the best candidate for the presidency. O'Neill accuses George Bush of forgetting his roots. O'Neill says that Bush was once a moderate Republican; that Bush has now-joined the ultra-conservatives. Shot of a Dukakis campaign sign. O'Neill says that Bush has lost sight of his eastern Republican support since he became vice president. O'Neill says that Dukakis is an innovator; that Dukakis is the best candidate for president. O'Neill invites questions from the media. The audience members applaud. A reporter comments that the Republicans have painted Dukakis as a "liberal." O'Neill says that there are few liberals left; that he was a liberal. O'Neill says that liberals developed "middle America." O'Neill says that sixty-five percent of Americans were impoverished when he started out in public life. 1:46:35: V: George Bush (Republican nominee for US President) speaks at a press conference. Bush says that he needs to get his message across to voters; that he needs to highlight the differences between him and Michael Dukakis (Democratic nominee for US President). Bush says that his views on gun control and other issues are more in line with "blue-collar America." Shots of the media at the press conference. Bush says that he must make it clear that his administration will keep the economic recovery going. Bush says that he will focus on "neighborhood values" and the role of the federal government in Americans. Bush thanks the media. He leaves the podium, accompanied by Barbara Bush (wife of George Bush). John Sununu (Governor of New Hampshire) approaches the podium. A reporter asks Sununu if he has a personal vendetta against Dukakis because of a disagreement over the Seabrook nuclear plant. Sununu says that he would like to correct some misperceptions about Dukakis. Sununu says that Massachusetts ranks fifth or sixth among the six New England states in terms of manufacturing jobs and jobs associated with trade. Sununu says that he is completely objective about the Dukakis campaign; that he has nothing personal against Dukakis. A reporter asks Sununu about Dukakis's objections to Bush's proposed budget. Sununu says that Dukakis is avoiding a discussion of the issues. Sununu encourages the media to focus on the debate instead of ancillary events surrounding the debate. Sununu says that Dukakis's employment record has been misrepresented. The audience includes David Locke (State Senator). 1:50:56: V: Christy George sets up an interview with Alicia Munnell (economist). Munnell tells George not to ask her a certain question about the economy. George asks Munnell about possible cuts to entitlement programs like Social Security. Munnell says that every government expenditure must be examined; that there is no reason not to look at Social Security. Munnell says that Social Security accounts for 22% of government outlays; that Social Security and Medicare account for almost 30% of government outlays. Munnell says that one must examine whether Social Security is contributing to the deficit problem. Munnell says that Social Security has been bringing in more money than it has been paying out for five years. 1:53:22: V: Arlen Specter (US Senator) speaks at a press conference in front of the Massachusetts State House. Specter says that he is at the conference on behalf of George Bush (Republican nominee for US president). Specter says that Bush wants him to compare the Bush position on crime control to that of Michael Dukakis (Democratic nominee for US president). Specter says that he will comment on Dukakis's controversial furlough program. Specter says that he has studied the furlough program. Specter reviews his record on crime and prison reform. Specter says that he advocates furlough programs if they are properly directed. Shot of the exterior of the Massachusetts State House. Shots of the press conference. Specter continues to talk about furlough programs. Shot of John Kerry (US Senator) at the press conference. Jim Braude (Tax Equity Alliance for Massachusetts) and Robert Rufo (Suffolk County Sheriff) are also in the crowd. Shot of Francis X. Bellotti (former Massachusetts Attorney General) and William Delahunt (Norfolk County District Attorney) at the press conference. Specter says that Dukakis's furlough program allows furlough releases for "career criminals" and those who were sentenced to life without parole. Specter takes questions from the media. Specter says that he invited Kerry and James Shannon (Massachusetts Attorney General). Specter invites Kerry to the microphone. Kerry says that he will talk about the meaning of the press conference. A reporter asks a police official about the press conference. The reporter asks the police official if Dukakis is "soft on crime." The police official says that the state of Massachusetts has not been "soft on crime"; that the state of Massachusetts has one of the lowest crime rates in the nation. The police official says that Dukakis deserves some credit for the low crime rate in Massachusetts. The police official says that law enforcement has been working together with elected officials to reduce crime. The reporter asks what Dukakis has done to help law enforcement. The police official says that Dukakis meets once a month with the Anti-Crime Council; that the Anti-Crime Council discusses issues and brings the law enforcement community together. The reporter asks if the police official is annoyed at Bush's rhetoric about crime in Massachusetts. The police official says that he came to listen to Specter today. Footage of Kerry speaking to an older white man after the press conference. Shot of Bellotti speaking to Ron Kaufman (coordinator for the George Bush electoral campaign). Footage of Bellotti being interviewed. A reporter asks if Dukakis's furlough program is flawed. Bellotti says that Dukakis tried to tighten up the state's original furlough program. Bellotti says that the media is focusing on furlough programs and the death penalty. Bellotti says that the crime rate in Massachusetts is below the national average; that it is easy to find fault with furlough programs. The reporter asks Bellotti if Bush is doing Dukakis a disservice by sending people out to talk about Dukakis's record on crime. Bellotti says that Bush's campaign rhetoric about Dukakis's record on crime is not true. Bellotti says that Dukakis has pushed all of the law enforcement units working together. Bellotti says that Bush's campaign rhetoric is politics as usual. Shot of Specter getting into his car in front of the Massachusetts State House. Footage of Kaufman being interviewed. Kaufman says that Specter has a lot of experience with criminal justice; that it is important for Specter to speak out on the issue. The reporter asks why Bush is having Specter and John Sununu (Governor of New Hampshire) travel the country to talk about Dukakis's record on certain issues. Kaufman says that this is an effective strategy; that there were twelve media cameras at Specter's press conference today. Kaufman says that Dukakis sent out a contingent of defenders.
Collection: Ten O'Clock News
Date Created: 1988

Contraceptives in schools / NAACP

Description: Christopher Lydon reports on a controversy over the distribution of contraception in schools. Lydon notes that the Adolescent Issues Task Force of the Boston School Department has recommended that birth control be distributed to students as part of a comprehensive adolescent health program in the city's middle schools and high schools. Lydon's report includes footage of an NAACP press conference with Jack E. Robinson (President, Boston chapter of the NAACP), Joseph Casper (member, Boston School Committee), and Grace Romero (NAACP board member). Robinson and Casper condemn the proposal as racist. Robinson says that the initiative targets African American students. Lydon's report includes footage from interviews with Hubie Jones (member, Adolescent Issues Task Force), Dr. Howard Spivak (member Adolescent Issues Task Force) and Dr. Deborah Prothrow-Stith (Chairwoman, Adolescent Issues Task Force). Jones, Spivak and Prothrow-Stith defend the proposal. Spivak and Prothrow-Stith discuss statistics relating to teen pregnancy. Lydon's report also features interviews with students about teen pregnancy and footage of students in schools.
1:00:11: Visual: Footage of an African American woman saying that she knows "what is going on" with teenagers from listening to them talk. Christopher Lydon reports that teenagers are starting to have sex at an early age. V: Footage of Dr. Howard Spivak (member, Adolescent Issues Task Force) saying that he is alarmed at the numbers of teenagers who are having sex. Spivack says that 25% of teenage girls are sexually active before the age of 15. Footage of Dr. Deborah Prothow-Stith (Chairwoman, Adolescent Issues Task Force) saying that one million girls under the age of nineteen become pregnant each year; that 600,000 of those girls give birth. Prothow-Stith says that teenage pregnancy has become an epidemic. Footage of Spivak quoting a statistic which predicts that 40% of fourteen-year olds will become pregnant before their twentieth birthday. Shot of teenage girls descending a staircase at a school. Lydon reports that the Boston School Department's Adolescent Issues Task Force is recommending the distribution of birth control as part of a comprehensive adolescent health program at Boston's middle schools and high schools. V: Shot of a collection of diaphragms in a health clinic. Shot of a clinic worker and a teenage girl at a school health clinic. Lydon reports that the proposal has been heavily criticized. V: Shot of the street outside of the Boston NAACP office. Footage of Jack E. Robinson (President, Boston chapter of the NAACP) at a press conference. Robinson says that the NAACP is opposed to the distribution of birth control in school health clinics. Joseph Casper (member, Boston School Committee) and Grace Romero (former member, Boston School Committee and NAACP board member) stand beside Robinson at the press conference. Lydon points out that Casper and Romero are unlikely allies for Robinson. V: Footage of Robinson saying that the plan introduces sexual devices into the schools under the guise of a health initiative. Robinson says that African American schools and school districts are the targets of these plans; that the plans are a form of "social engineering." Lydon notes that Robinson believes the proposal to be "insidiously racist." V: Footage of Hubie Jones (member, Adolescent Issues Task Force) saying that the proposal has nothing to do with race. Footage of Casper saying that the proposal targets inner city students; that there are no proposals to distribute birth control among white suburban students. Casper says that "something is afoot." Footage of Jones saying that it is genocidal to allow large numbers of African American teenage girls to become pregnant. Lydon reports that Jones sees the proposal as a "regrettable necessity," needed to combat the incidence of pregnancy in young girls. V: Shots of teenage students in a study hall. Footage of Prothow-Stith saying that the Task Force is concerned about the increase of pregnancies among girls aged ten to fourteen. Footage of a young African American male student saying that a lot of teenage girls are pregnant; of a young Hispanic male student saying that he knows a girl in ninth-grade with a child. Footage of another African American male student saying that he knows a thirteen-year old girl who became pregnant; that the girl has dropped out of school. Footage of a white female student saying that she knows eighth grade girls who are pregnant; that it is wrong for young girls to be pregnant. Shots of students outside of a school. Lydon says that everyone seems to agree that young girls should not be pregnant.
Collection: Ten O'Clock News
Date Created: 09/08/1986

Desegregation in Lynn

Description: Marcus Jones reports on school desegregation in Lynn, Massachusetts. Jones notes that an influx of immigrants and a change in housing patterns have tipped the racial balance in the public schools. Jones adds that Lynn made an attempt at school desegregation in the early 1980s by designating certain schools as magnet schools. Jones reviews that racial breakdown of the student population in Lynn Public Schools and in specific schools in the city. Jones interviews Clarence Jones (President, Lynn chapter of the NAACP), Albert DiVirgilio (Mayor of Lynn), Alexander Tennant (candidate for mayor of Lynn), James Leonard (Principal, Washington Community School), Robert Gerardi (Superintendent, Lynn Public Schools), and Michael Alves (Massachusetts Board of Education) about school desegregation in Lynn. Jones notes that there is some opposition from parents who want their children to attend neighborhood schools. Jones interviews parents Kathleen Sherkanowski and Rose McCusker. Jones reports that the State Board of Education has ordered the Lynn School Committee to implement a plan without delay. This edition of the Ten O'Clock News also included the following item: Hope Kelly reports on school desegregation in Lowell
1:00:03: Visual: Shots of downtown Lynn; of shoppers in downtown Lynn; of traffic in downtown Lynn. Marcus Jones reports that Lynn has a population of 78,000; that housing patterns and an influx of immigrants have tipped the racial balance in public schools; that school desegregation has become an issue in the city. V: Shots of Boston Harbor; of Harvard Square; of students in Lowell; of a condominium building; of children boarding a school bus. Footage of Kathleen Sherkanowski (Lynn parent) saying that she wants her son to attend his neighborhood school. Footage of Clarence Jones (President, Lynn chapter of the NAACP) saying that the courts will need to take over the school system if the city of Lynn does not desegregate its schools. Footage of Alexander Tennant (candidate for mayor of Lynn) saying that Lynn is "one step away from receivership." Footage of Jones interviewing Albert DiVirgilio (Mayor of Lynn). DiVirgilio says that he will not let the desegregation issue tear apart the community; that he will work closely with all members of the community. Jones reports that DiVirgilio serves as Mayor of Lynn and as Chairman of the Lynn School Committee; that DiVirgilio taught in the Lynn School System for fourteen years. Jones notes that DiVirgilio was his student government advisor during Jones' own high school years. V: Shots of African American students exiting a bus in front of South Boston High School. Jones stands among a group of schoolchildren in the schoolyard of the Washington Community School. Jones notes that he was a student at the Washington Community School; that there were more white students than African American students when he attended the school. Jones adds that the student population at the Washington Community School in 1987 is 51% non-white; that the school has been classified as "racially isolated." V: Shots of students in a classroom at the Washington Community School. Jones reports that the Washington Community School has been racially imbalanced for almost ten years. Jones notes that James Leonard (Principal, Washington Community School) helped to coordinate Lynn's first attempt at school desegregation in the early 1980s. Jones adds that the Washington Community School was made into a magnet school in the early 1980s; that white students were to be bused voluntarily to the school. V: Shots of Tony Marino (former Mayor of Lynn) addressing a crowd; of the exterior of the Washington Community School. Footage of Jones interviewing Leonard. Leonard says that it is important to improve the quality of education in Lynn Public Schools. Footage of Marcus Jones interviewing Clarence Jones. Clarence Jones says that many minority parents are sending their children to private schools. Clarence Jones says that the Washington Community School is underfunded; that the school is a "disaster." Marcus Jones notes that Clarence Jones is his father. V: Shot of children playing outside of a school in Lynn. Jones notes that minority enrollment in Lynn Public Schools has doubled since 1981; that the population of Lynn Public Schools is currently 26% non-white. Jones notes that white enrollment has declined by 3,000 students. V: Shots of minority students in a classroom; of the exterior of the Washington Community School; of the exterior of the Ingalls Elementary School; of the exterior of the Connery Elementary School; of the exterior of the Harrington Elementary School. Jones notes that minority enrollment is over 50% in four elementary schools; that minority enrollment is 57% at the Harrington Elementary School. V: Shots of the exterior of Cobbet Elementary School; of the exterior of Eastern Junior High School; of students outside of Lynn Classical High School. Jones notes that Cobbet Elementary School, Eastern Junior High School and Lynn Classical High School have student populations which nearly qualify as racially imbalanced. Jones notes that a minority population above 36% classifies a school as racially imbalanced. Jones reports that eight of the city's schools are "majority isolated"; that the Sisson Elementary School had a 3% minority population last year; that the school has a minority population of 8% this year. V: Shots of mostly white students in a classroom at the Sisson Elementary School; of the students listening to a record on a turntable. Footage of Robert Gerardi (Superintendent, Lynn Public Schools) saying that most Lynn parents do not have a problem with school desegregation; that the parents want to maintain neighborhood schools. Footage of Rose McCusker (Lynn parent) saying that she does not want her children bused from their neighborhood. Shots of a racially integrated classroom in Lynn. Jones reports that the Lynn School Committee has issued its second desegregation plan in two years; that the State Board of Education has ordered the city of Lynn to implement its plan without delay. V: Shots of a white teacher in a Lynn classroom; of students in a school hallway; of students exiting a schoolbus. Footage of Michael Alves (Massachusetts Board of Education) saying that school desegregation should be resolved on the local level; that Boston spent fifteen years dealing with federal court orders on school desegregation. Footage of Clarence Jones saying that quality education is more important than racial confrontation.
Collection: Ten O'Clock News
Date Created: 10/23/1987

Dr. Kenneth Clark

Description: Carmen Fields interviews Dr. Kenneth Clark (psychologist). Fields reports that Clark and his Mamie Phipps Clark (psychologist) performed studies using dolls to gauge ego and self-esteem in young African American children. Fields notes that the Clarks' research influenced the Supreme Court's 1953 landmark decision on school desegregation. Clark talks about his research, saying that African American children rejected the brown dolls because they had internalized society's negative stereotypes of African Americans. Clark discusses the use of the study by NAACP lawyers in the 1953 school desegregation case. Clark talks about the importance of school desegregation and the need for white and African American children to grow up with self-respect and respect for others. He says that children must be taught to act humanely toward others. Fields' report includes footage from the 1959 film Imitation of Life and footage from Eyes on the Prize. Fields' report also includes footage of school desegregation in South Boston and shots of dolls. Sound cuts out at the very end of the video.
1:00:10: Visual: Shot of a display of dolls and toys. Carmen Fields reports that Dr. Kenneth Clark (psychologist) and the late Mamie Phipps Clark (psychologist) used dolls in a 1939 psychological experiment; that the Clarks used dolls to gauge ego and self esteem in young African American children. Fields notes that the results of the experiments shocked the nation. V: Shots of Kenneth Clark being interviewed by Fields. Shots of a white doll; of an African American doll. Footage of Clark talking about how African American children internalize society's negative stereotypes of African Americans. Clark says that two out of three African American children rejected the brown dolls. Footage from the 1959 film, Imitation of Life. Footage of Clark saying that the children were forced to identify with the brown dolls they had rejected. Fields reports that the Supreme Court's 1953 decision on school desegregation was influenced by the Clarks' research. V: Shot of the exterior of the Supreme Court Building in Washington D.C. Footage of Clark saying that NAACP lawyers were interested in the study; that NAACP found parallels between the results of the study and the effects of segregated schools on African American chiildren. Fields reports that school desegregation has been accomplished in both southern and northern cities. V: Black and white footage from Eyes On the Prize. Shots of an African American girl being accompanied into a school; of the National Guard running in formation; of African American students entering a school; of an African American female student in a classroom; of an African American man walking with two white men. Shots of school buses pulling up to the front of South Boston High School in 1974; of South Boston residents jeering at the buses. Shots of police officers lined up on a streeet outside of a Charlestown Housing Project. Fields notes that Clark blames low self-esteem for many of today's educational problems including high drop-out rates and violence. V: Footage of Clark being interviewed by Fields. Clark says that society's problems cannot be solved by laws and court cases; that churches have not influenced people to act more humanely toward others. Clark says that children must be educated to act in a humane manner. Fields asks Clark how he responds to people who believe that desegregation did not work. Clark says that desegregation has never really been tried; that schools are still organized along racial lines. Clark says that schools are not set up to teach children to respect others. Fields asks if the doll study is still relevant today. Clark says that both white African American children need help in developing positive self-images in today's society. Shots of students in an integrated classroom; of white students in the classroom. Footage of Clark saying that racism is indicative of a lack of self-respect. Clark says that dolls can be used to communicate a sense of humanity and decency. Shots of white and African American dolls. Footage of Clark saying that some African American children in his doll study had good role models; that those children did not reject the brown dolls. Clark says that children can be taught to respect themselves and others.
Collection: Ten O'Clock News
Date Created: 10/18/1988

Housing discrimination settlement

Description: Jan von Mehren reports that the city of Boston and the NAACP signed a $3 million settlement to end litigation about the city's formerly discriminatory public housing policy. Von Mehren reports that 2,000 minority families will be eligible for payments of $1,000 to $3,000 under the suit. Von Mehren's reports includes footage of a mayor Ray Flynn, Joseph Tauro (federal judge) and Benjamin Hooks (Executive Director, NAACP) at a press conference to announce the settlement. The three men shake hands and make positive statements about the settlement. Von Mehren report that African American families began moving into formerly white housing projects last summer, despite opposition from South Boston residents. Von Mehren's report includes footage of Flynn at a community meeting in South Boston in 1988. The audience jeers at him as he approaches the stage. This edition of the Ten O'Clock News also included the following item: Marcus Jones reports that Michael Jackson (pop singer) has never played a concert at Sullivan Stadium
1:00:11: Visual: Footage of Dr. Benjamin Hooks (Executive Director, NAACP), Judge Joseph Tauro (US District Court), and Ray Flynn (Mayor of Boston) sitting together at a press conference. The three men shake hands together. Tauro proclaims it to be a "happy and proud occasion." Jan von Mehren reports that Hooks traveled to Boston to join Flynn and Tauro. V: Footage of Hooks saying that it is important to resolve problems through means other than lawsuits. Shot of Doris Bunte (Boston Housing Authority) and other officials from the city and the NAACP. The group enters an elevator. Von Mehren reports that the city of Boston and the NAACP signed a $3 million settlement. Von Mehren notes that some of the money will go to victims of the city's formerly discriminatory public housing policy. V: Footage of Flynn saying that the city has one set of rules; that the rules apply equally to all. Footage of Tauro saying that the settlement sends a message to the community; that the settlement represents the city's commitment to equal access to public housing. Von Mehren reports that approximately 2,000 African American, Asian, and Latino families will be eligible for payments of $1,000 to $3,000 under the settlement. Von Mehren notes that city officials say that it may be difficult to track down some of the families. Von Mehren adds that city officials will use the media in an attempt to reach the families. V: Footage of Flynn at a community meeting in South Boston on January 12, 1988. Flynn walks onto the stage as the audience boos and jeers. Shots of the audience members seated at long tables; of Flynn addressing the audience. Von Mehren reports that housing desegregation was met with great opposition in South Boston last year. V: Footage of Leo Tierney (South Boston resident) saying, "Leave us the hell alone." Members of the audience stand to applaud Tierney. Von Mehren reports that African American families began moving into developments last summer. V: Shots of African American movers moving furniture and boxes into a South Boston housing project; of white children playing with a garden hose outside of a South Boston housing project building. Von Mehren reports there is a low turnover rate in South Boston housing projects; that housing integration is proceeding at a slow pace. Von Mehren notes that the Old Colony Housing Project in South Boston is still 96% white; that it was 98% white last year. V: Shot of a white baby in a wading pool outside of a South Boston project building. Von Mehren reports that today's settlement was a peaceful conclusion to the housing integration controversy. V: Footage of Hooks at the press conference. Hooks says that Boston had once been viewed as a "citadel of liberalism." Hooks adds that Boston did not live up to its reputation during the busing crisis. Flynn interrupts Hooks to shake his hand in front of the media. Hooks, Flynn and Tauro rise from their table.
Collection: Ten O'Clock News
Date Created: 10/04/1989

James Weldon Johnson

Description: Carmen Fields reports that the US Postal Service will issue a postage stamp bearing James Weldon Johnson's image in honor of Black History Month. Johnson was a poet, lawyer, diplomat, composer, and former director of the NAACP. Johnson is the composer of "Lift Every Voice," which is known as the "black national anthem." The Madison Park High School Choir performing "Lift Every Voice. Interview with professor Samuel Allen of Boston University, who was a student of Johnson's. He talks about Johnson's life and his legacy. Allen reads two of Johnson's poems. Fields report is accompanied by photos of Johnson and a shot of the postage stamp bearing his image.
1:00:07: Visual: Footage of the Madison Park High School Glee Club singing "Lift Every Voice." Carmen Fields reports that "Lift Every Voice" is known as the "black national anthem"; that the words to the song were written by James Weldon Johnson; that Johnson was a poet, diplomat, educator and the first African American lawyer in the state of Florida. V: Shots of a black and white photo of Johnson; of the caption beneath the photo. Fields reports that Johnson fought for anti-lynching laws as the executive director of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People); that Johnson also wrote lyrics for operas with his brother. Fields reports that Samuel Allen (professor, Boston University) was one of Johnson's students at Fisk University in the 1930s. V: Shot of a painting of Johnson. Footage of Allen being interviewed by Fields. Allen says that Johnson was "a Renaissance man." Allen notes that Johnson was an artist, writer, and diplomat. Allen reviews Johnson's accomplishments as US consul in Venezuela and in Nicaragua. Fields reports that Johnson is known for his poetry; that Johnson's poetry reflects the religious fervor in African American culture. V: Shot of a book of poetry held by Allen. Footage of Allen talking about and reading Johnson's poems, "The Creation" and "God's Trombones." Allen says that Johnson tried to immortalize the sermon of an African American preacher. Shot of a black and white photograph of Johnson. Fields reports that critics accused Johnson of hypocrisy for using religious themes in his poetry. V: Footage of Allen saying that Johnson was an agnostic. Shot of an image of Johnson on a US Stamp. Fields reports that "Lift Every Voice" was once seen as an unpatriotic and divisive song; that the song is now sung by school choirs and in churches. Fields notes that the US Postal Service will issue a stamp in honor of Johnson; that the stamp includes musical notation from "Lift Every Voice." V: Footage of the Madison Park High School Glee Club singing "Lift Every Voice." Shot of the US postal stamp featuring Johnson's image. Footage of Allen reading the lyrics of "Lift Every Voice."
Collection: Ten O'Clock News
Date Created: 02/01/1988

NAACP and BHA discrimination

Description: Meg Vaillancourt reports on negotiations in court between the Boston Housing Authority (BHA) and the NAACP over compensation for minority families who were victims of the BHA's discriminatory housing policies. Vaillancourt notes that the BHA and the NAACP disagree on the number of families to be compensated and the amount of compensation due to them. Vaillancourt interviews Dianne Wilkerson (NAACP) and Albert Willis (Attorney, City of Boston) about the negotiation. Vaillancourt adds that negotiations will continue until the next court date. Vaillancourt reports that the first African American families moved into a South Boston housing project last month as part of the court-ordered plan to integrate public housing. Vaillancourt's report is accompanied by footage of African American movers at the Mary Ellen McCormack Housing Development and by footage of white residents of South Boston housing projects.
1:00:07: Visual: Footage of white children outside of a housing project building in South Boston. The children are keeping cool with a garden hose and a wading pool. Shots of two white women outside of the housing project building; of a baby playing in a wading pool. Meg Vaillancourt reports on the court case concerning the Boston Housing Authority's public housing placement policy. Vaillancourt reports that federal authorities have charged the Boston Housing Authority (BHA) with discriminatory practices; that the BHA has agreed to reorganize its policy of assigning tenants to public housing. Vaillancourt reports that the first African American families moved into a South Boston Housing Project last month; that the BHA has not decided how to compensate African American families who had been passed over in favor of whites on the waiting list. V: Shots of African American movers moving furniture and boxes from a moving truck into the McCormack Housing Development in South Boston. Vaillancourt reports that the city calls the African American families "disadvantaged." Vaillancourt notes that the city estimates that about 100 families have been "disadvantaged" by the policy. V: Shots of African American adults and children outside of a public housing project building. Vaillancourt reports that the NAACP has estimated that more than 2,000 African American families were passed over on the BHA waiting list; that the NAACP has brought a lawsuit against the city to gain compensation for those families. V: Footage of Dianne Wilkerson (attorney for the NAACP) speaking to reporters. Wilkerson says that the NAACP has always believed that the number of victims is approximately 2,000 families; that the BHA will end up finding that the NAACP's estimate is correct. Footage of Albert Willis (Attorney, City of Boston) being interviewed by Vaillancourt. Willis says that he does not know where the NAACP has gotten its numbers. Willis says that the BHA will discuss compensation beyond 100 families if the NAACP can provide evidence to back up its estimate. Shots of African American children playing outside of a public housing project. Vaillancourt reports that the NAACP and the city of Boston disagree on the amount of compensation for the "disadvantaged" families. V: Shot of a Boston Globe newspaper article with a headline reading, "1,200 said to be victims of BHA racial practices." Vaillancourt notes that the Boston Globe newspaper reported that the BHA would pay $750 to each family. Vaillancourt adds that the NAACP wants each family to receive between $3,000 and $5,000. V: Shots of the exterior of the NAACP offices in Roxbury; of NAACP employees and volunteers in the NAACP offices. Footage of Willis saying that the money issue has been discusses by the city and the NAACP; that the discussions were productive. Vaillancourt reports that both sides said that the negotiations were productive. Vaillancourt notes that no issues were actually resolved; that the negotiations will continue until the next court date on Wednesday. Vaillancourt adds that the court will decide if the integration plan can continue if the two sides fail to reach an agreement.
Collection: Ten O'Clock News
Date Created: 08/09/1988

NAACP and public housing integration

Description: Marcus Jones reports that two African American families moved into a South Boston housing project today; he notes that the families are the first African Americans to live in the project in ten years. Jones reports that the two families were on the emergency placement list and had no other housing alternatives. Jones notes that there is increasing opposition to the mayor's housing desegregation plan by both African Americans and whites. He adds that the NAACP has filed suit to block the plan, contending that it unfairly ignores families discriminated against prior to 1983. Jones reports that the Boston Housing Authority (BHA) claims to have lost records for applicants before 1983, but will try to investigate claims of discrimination prior to that date. Jones interviews Carl Haith (President, Boston chapter of the NAACP) about the NAACP lawsuit. Haith says that the city needs to identify residents who were discriminated against prior to 1983. Jones' report includes footage of African American movers at a South Boston housing project and footage of white residents outside of the Mary Ellen McCormack Housing Development. Jones interviews one of the African American movers, who says that he has encountered no problems at the housing development. This tape includes additional footage of movers at the McCormack Housing Development. This edition of the Ten O'Clock News also included the following item: cThe campaigns of Jesse Jackson and Michael Dukakis have different agendas for the upcoming Democratic convention
1:00:03: Visual: Footage of an African American man moving a large box from a moving truck into a housing project building in South Boston. Marcus Jones reports that two African American families moved into a South Boston housing project today. V: Shots of white residents outside of the McCormack Housing Development; of a sign for the Mary Ellen McCormack Housing Development. Jones reports that an African American family last lived in the development ten years ago; that the family left because they claim to have been harassed by white residents. V: Shots of a moving truck outside of a project building. Police and movers stand near the truck. Jones reports that police officers in uniform and in plain clothes were present at the housing project today. V: Footage of an African American mover saying that he has had no trouble at the housing project today; that white residents have offered him refreshments while he did his work. Shots of the movers moving a couch from the moving truck into the project building. Two green shamrocks are posted above the entrance. Jones reports that the two African American families were on the emergency placement list; that they were placed at the project because they had no other place to go. Jones notes that opposition to the mayor's desegregation plan for public housing is growing among whites and African Americans. V: Shot of Jones and Carl Haith (President, Boston chapter of the NAACP) entering an office from a dark hallway. Footage of Haith saying that the city should not have to identify African Americans to enter an-all white housing project. Shot of the exterior of the NAACP offices in Roxbury. Jones reports that the NAACP has filed a lawsuit to block the city's desegregation plan. Jones notes that the NAACP believes the plan to be unfair because it ignores groups which may have been discriminated against before 1983. V: Shots of NAACP employees and volunteers in the NAACP offices. Footage of Haith saying that the city claims to be unable to identify victims of discrimination before 1983. Haith says that the city should try to identify those victims and compensate them. Jones reports that the Boston Housing Authority claims that many applications filed before 1983 were lost when the city switched to a new computer system. V: Shots of white residents standing at the entrance to a housing project building in South Boston; of a white woman looking out of the window of a project apartment; of a housing project in South Boston. Jones reports that the BHA says that it will investigate the claims of those who claim to have been discriminated against before 1983. V: Shots of African American movers at the McCormack Housing development. Jones stands in front of the NAACP offices in Roxbury. Jones reports that the NAACP led the fight to desegregate public schools in Boston; that the city had probably expected the NAACP to support its plan to desegregate public housing. Jones reports that the NAACP does not think the city's plan does enough.
Collection: Ten O'Clock News
Date Created: 07/11/1988

NAACP goes to Charlestown

Description: NAACP goes to Charlestown. source: Channel 7. Dubbed 7/6/1982.
Collection: Ten O'Clock News
Date Created: 07/01/1982